Bhojpuri eSkool 30.06.2016 >> Bhojpuri Grammar

InBho "Bhojpuri Grammar"
AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool 
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी
Biyafe 10.04.9116.   > 4-th Baris, Suruaat: 9113 se.
[International Bhojpuri eSkool, inBho, Saturday 30.06.2016
> Since: 3.12.2012 AD, 4th Year of Establishment]
स्वागत बा सब भोजपुरिआ लोगन के, औरू सब लोगन के.
Sab premi logan ke Swaagat!!!
[Welcome all Bhojpuri lovers of the World and Universe, and all Lovers!!!]

खास बात Khaas Baat: [Special Talk]:
*** PaaTh: 44 se "भोजपुरी Bhojpuri Grammar" aa Prachalit Bhojpuri:: Popular Bhojpuri,
Aadhunik Bhojpuri:: Modern Bhojpuri;
International global Bhojpuri eSkool, pa del jaataa:

पाठ PaaTh - 56.04.9116: [Lesson 56.06.2016]:

भोजपुरी
Bhojpuri Grammar
AntarraasTreey global Bhojpuri
भोजपुरी Bhojpuri Vyaakaran
International global Bhojpuri, InBho

ॐ
भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Grammar
लेख़क: डॉ पण्डित देवदत्त शर्मा
Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma
Teesar Prakaasan: Sri: 01.04.9116
Third Edition: Date: 21.06.2016 CE

भोजपुरी व्याकरण
Bhojpuri Vyaakaran
        Bhojpuri Grammar

AntarraasTreey global Bhojpuri www.bhojpurigrammer.blogspot.in , www.bhaasaa.blogspot.com

 Publisher:    Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma
                        Kamadgiri-806, Kaushambi
                        Sahibabad- 201010
                        NCR Delhi.
www.google.com/deoduttasharmaDr


All Right Reserved by the Author and the Publisher:
No part of this publication shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or in any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the Authors or the Publisher.






      विषय सुचि Content:

1. “अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी” AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri, InBho 
"इंटरनेशनल ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" ‘International Global Bhojpuri’

2. भोजपुरी के जनम काल आ जनम स्थान
Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal auru Janam-Sthaan
[The Birth Period and Places of Bhojpuri]

3.   ग्लोबल भोजपुरी के उपभासा Global Bhojpuri ke Upbhaasaa, [Dialects]

4.   AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri के लिपी ke Lipi [Scripts for Bhojpuri]

5. भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Vyaakaran:    [Bhojpuri Grammar]:

5.1 शब्दावली Mini - Sabdaavali [Mini Dictionary]

5.2 संज्ञा Sangyaa [Noun]

5.3 सर्वनाम Sarvanaam [Pronoun] 

5.4 क्रिया Kriyaa [Verb]

5.5 वाक्यखण्ड Vaakyakhand, कहाउत Kahaauat, कारक Kaarak                    
  [Cases of Noun, Phrases, Sayings]

5.6 वाक्य Vaakya [Sentence]

5.7 वाक्य के काल Vaakya ke Kaal. [Tenses]

6. भोजपुरी साहित्य विचार Bhojpuri Saahitya: Satya Vicaar
    [Bhojpuri Literature: Truthful Thinking]

7.   Bhojpuri Saahitya ke Vishesataa:  एगो Ego “दृश्य-श्रव्य-काव्य” ह.
      “Drishya-Shravya-Kaavya”,
      [Bhojpuri Literature is an: ‘Audio-Visual-Art’].

8.   Bhojpuri Geet गीत [Bhojpuri Song]

9.   Bhojpuri Film भोजपुरी फिल्म सिनेमा

10.   Bhojpuri ke Kuch Kriti भोजपुरी के कुछ कृति
  [Work on Bhojpuri]

11.  औरु बात Auru baat [Bottom-Line]

*N1 .संसार में भोजपुरी के बोलनिहार Sansaar me` Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Bolanihaar. [Speakers of Bhojpuri Language in the World]
*N2 ‘Roman Lipi’ me` Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, English aa dusar bhaasaa kaise likhal jaaw, ki okaraa ke binaa kawano udheR-bun ke paD*a ke sahi sahi uccaran kail jaa sake. [How to use 'Roman Script' for writing Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, English and other languages perfectly, so that the same could be read unambiguously, with correct pronounciation.]


भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Grammar
AntarraasTreey global Bhojpuri
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी
International global Bhojpuri, InBho

By Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma, Bhojpuriyaa

1. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी: 
AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri:
International Bhojpuri, InBho

“Jaisan ki bahut log kahelan ki Bhojpuri khaali "आरा, छपरा आ बलिया" के एगो बिहारी भाषा ह", ई आधा सांच बा,
काहे कि बलिया त उत्तर प्रदेश में बा शुरूए से.
“Bhojpuri ego Bihaari bhaasaa ha”, ee khaaali aadhaa saa`c baa. Kaahe ki Bhojpuri surue se “Ara, Chapara, Balliaa” ke ego Bhaasaa maanal jaalaa. Baakir Ballia ta surue se Uttar Pradesh me` baa. भोजपुरी सुरुए से ( सृ 7310, Sri: 7310 se, विक्रमी 210, ईसवी 267 से se UP me` baa.)
Eh se Bhojpuri ke ‘Ara, Chapra aur Ballia’ ke ego Bihaari bhasaa kahal, kahaa` tak Theek baa?
[“Bhojpuri is a Bihari language”: is half truth, since Ballia is in Uttar Pradesh.]
Bhojpuri surue se भोजपुरी सुरुए से ( सृ 7310, विक्रमी 210, ईसवी 267 से Sri: 7310, Vikramaabd: 210, KhrisTyaabd: 267 AD se, dekhi` kitaab किताब: "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" लेखक: डा पंडित देवदत्त शर्मा “AntarraasYreey global Bhojpuri”, Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma at www.plus.google.com) भारत के बिहार, झाड़खंड, उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य प्रदेश, छत्तीसगढ़ आ नेपाल देश में उपयोग में बा. Bhaarat ke ‘Bihaar auru JhaaRakhanD, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh aa ChattisgaD*a, auru Nepaal desh me` upyog me` baa.
[Since 300 CE, Bhojpuri is spoken in Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattishgad states of India, and in Nepal.]

अब त Ab ta~ Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Bhaarat me` 7-8 praantan me` aa भारत से बहरी करीब आधा दर्जन देश में आ बीसों शहरन में` 20 करोड़ से जादा लोग  बोले ले, जे 5 महादेशन में पसरल बाड़े Bhaarat se baahar karib aadhaa darzan desan me` auru beeso` shaharan me` 20 karoR se jaadaa log bolelan je Paa`c Mahaadeshan me` pasral baaRan.
[Now, Bhojpuri is spoken by over 200 million people in 7-8 states of India, and about half dozen countries of the World and in about 20 cities spread over 5 Continents.]

ई भोजपुरी, जे संसार के अनेको देशन में बोलल जाला, जेकरा के 'देवनागरी' चाहे 'रोमन' लिपि में लिखल जा सकेला; ओकरा के "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी", InBho कहल जाला.
Ee ‘Bhojpuri’ jekaraa ke Sansaar ke aneko` desan me`bolal jaalaa, aa jekaraa ke Devanaagai caahe Roman me` se kawano Lipi me` likhal jaa sakelaa, okare ke “AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri” InBho kahal jaalaa.
Jaadaa jaane khaatir dekhi` AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool, InBho www.bhojpuriaalog.blogspot.com pa.

[The ‘Bhojpuri’ which is spoken in many countries of the World, written in ‘Devanagari or Roman Scripts’ is known as “International Global Bhojpuri” InBho. For more one may go to "AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool", InBho at www.bhojpuriaalog.blogspot.com]


"अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" InBho:
'‘AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri" ke ‘Roman Lipi’ me` aasaani se likhe auru fer okaraa ke shuddha shuddha paD*e khaatir, auru suruaati kuch jaanakaari khaatir dekhi` kitaab: “Bhojpuri Bhaasaa” [with English Commentary to help 1000s of ‘Bhojpuri Lovers’ to learn it easily] jekar link uupar de baa.

>>> Eehaa` je kuchuo likhal baa uu dher dasakan ke khoj ke baade likhal jaataa.
[Whatever is produced here, one may not find anywhere else, since these are being written after decades of the study and research on the subject.]



2.  Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal aa Janam-Sthaan: [Origin of Bhojpuri Language: Time Period, Area]:

2.1  Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal: 300 CE ke karib.
    SrisTyaabd: 1 972 947 367, choT me` Sri: 7367
    [The Birth of Bhojpuri: 267 CE]

Bhojpuri ke Janam surue se ‘Aaraa, Chapraa, Balliaa’ caahe ‘Ara, Chapra, Ballia’ ke tripunDa se maanal jaalaa, je me` Aaraa auru Chapraa ta Bihar me` baa, baakir Balliaa Uttar Pradesh me`.

Eh tarah se ee kahal ki Bhojpuri ego ‘Bihari bhaasaa’ ha, kahaa` tak sahi baa, paaThak log apane samhjee`. Aaj Bhaarat me` Bhojpuri 7- 8 Praantan me` aa Bhaarat ke sab baRhan siTian me` bolal jaalaa.

Hamaraa samajh se ‘Bhojpuri Bhaasaa’ ke janam eke saath Aaraa-Chapraa se je Bihaar me` surue se baa, aa Balliaa se je Uttar Pradesh me` baa, auru Bhojpur (Bhopaal ke najdeek) je surue se Madhya Bhaarat (aaj ke Madhya Pradesh) me` baa, se bhail baa.  

Ehi se: Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Hindi: Bhaarat ke kawano Xetreey Bhaashaa naa hawan sa, jaise Aassaam me Asami, ‘Tamil NaaDu’ me` Tamil, MahaaraasTra me` MaraaThi, Gujraat me` Gujraati, ORishaa me` Odiaa, Panjaab me` Panjaabi aadi.

Eh teeno me` Sanskrit ta Hajaaro, Laakho` Baris puraan ha, fer Bhojpuri ke janam Sri: 7400 me` bhail je 300 CE bhail; eh se Bhojpuri karib 1700 Baris ke bhail.

KhaRi Boli आ 'आधुनिक हिन्दी', ‘Aadhunik Hindi’ ke utpatti log Bhaaratendu Harishcandra [9.9.1850 – 6.1.1885 CE] ke  Candravardaai se maanelan, jekaraa pahile ee Awadhi-Bhojpuri-BundelkhanDi aadi ke kawano milal julal roop rahe jekaraa ke Hindi naa kahal jaa sakelaa. Eh se Hindi karib 150 Baris ke bhail umar ke hisaab se:

Bharat ke 3 Bhaasaa ke Kaal-Cakra: 
[Time – Line of 3 Indian Languages]:
संस्कृत Sanskrit > लाखों बरिस पुरान Lakho Baris puraan. [M year old]

भोजपुरी Bhojpuri > 1700 बरिस के Baris puraan. [1.7 K year old]

आधुनिक हिन्दी Adhunik Hindi > 150 बारिस के Baris ke.





2.2 राजा भोज के काल में भोजपुरी भाषा Raajaa Bhoje ke kaal me` Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Pasraaw:
       
राजा भोज के राज में, जे पूरा उत्तर भारत में थोर बहुत सगरो, भोजपुरी बोलल जात रहे, खास क के बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झारखण्ड , छत्तीसगढ़ आ मध्य प्रदेश / मध्य भारत जेकर राजधानी नागपुर रहे ओह घरी, ओहु में बोलल जात रहे भोजपुरीए.
Raajaa Bhoj ke raaj me`, je pooraa Uttari Bhaarat me` failal rahe: Assaam se Gaandhaar tak, oh me` thoR bahut sagaro Bhojpuri bolal jaat rahe, khaas ka ke Bihaar, Uttar Pradesh, JhaaRkahanD, ChattisgaD*a aur Madhya Pradesh me`. Ehi se aajo tab ke Madhya Bhaarat jekar raajdhaani Naagpur rahe, okaraa me` bole waalaa 'Bhojpuri ChattisgaD*a ke Jilla Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) me`, ChattisgaD*i ( karib 45 % Bhojpurie jaisan) aur Madhya Pradesh ke Baghelkhandi ( 75 % Bhojpuri, je asal me` Bhojpurie bhail, khaali naav choR ke; dekhi` aage ekar ego kathaa) ke aajo bolal jaa laa.

ऊपर जे लिखल बा oh se पता चलता कि भोजपुरी भाषा के जनम "आरा, छपरा आ बलिआ" राजा भोज के समय सृ 7400 [300 CE ] में भइल, जे तब के बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य भारत में फैलल रहे..
Uupar je likhal baa, oh se saaf pataa calataa ki Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke janam “Ara, Chapra, Ballia” me` Raajaa Bhoj ke samay (Sri: 7400), [300 AD] me` bhail, je Bihar, Uttar Pradesh aur Madhya Pradesh’ me` failal rahe.

भोजपुरी काल Bhojpuri Kaal: [Timeline: Bhojpuri]:
भोजपुरी के जनम भोज राजा के काल में भइल सृ 7400 में Bhojpuri ke janam Bhoj Raajaa ke kaal me` bhail, Sri: 7400 me`.
[Bhojpuri was born during the period of King Bhoj in 300 AD.]

(Auru dekhee`: AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool, InBho, of Sri: 25.11.9113 www.bhojpurialog.blogspot.in  pa.)

*1 Guru Gorakh Naath Sri: 8200. [1100 CE] me` ‘Gorakh Baani’ likhale rahan Bhojpuri me` (dekhi` BHAI)=======
[Guru Gorakh Nath wrote ‘Gorakh Baani’ in Bhojpuri in 1100 CE (Goto BHAI) =========]
Ø Ee saaid Bhojpuri ke sab se puraan kitaab ha. [This is possibly the oldest book in Bhojpuri.]

**2 Sant Kabeer Daas ke janam din Sri: 8397 ke ‘Bhojpuri Din’ manaawal jaalaa (dekhi` BHAI).
[Saint Kavir Das was born in 1297 CE, which is celebrated as ‘Bhojpuri Day’ Goto BHAI                         =======]


Bhojpuri ke Pasaraaw: [Spreading Bhojpuri]:
Eh se iho pataa calataa ki Bhojpuri khaali ago Bihaari bhaasa naa ha, baakir ekar Janam khaas ka ke “Ara, Chapra, Ballia” jilla ke tripunD kahi`, caahe tab ke ‘Bihar, UP, MP’ praantan ke tripunD se bhail baa; dosar o~r jadi gaa`v ke baat kail jaav ta,: Bhojpuri ke janam ‘Gyanpuram: Knowledge Park (Jilla Bhojpur, Bihar), Ribir ganj (Chapara Jilaa, Bihar) aa Sitaabdiaraa (Jilla Ballia, UP) se bhail baa.
Baakir, Baakir, Baaki…… ee Baakir BaRahan baa.
[It is also clear from this that Bhojpuri is not only a Bihari Language, but it is born from the Center of the Triangle of then Provinces “Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Bharat” or of the Centre of Districts “Ara, Chapra, Ballia”; on the other hand when we go to the village level, Bhojpuri was born in the Village ‘Gyanpuram: Knowledge Park (District: Bhojpur, Bihar), Ribir Ganj (Dt. Chapra, Bihar) and in Sitabdiara (Dt. Ballia, UP).
But, But, But …….But this But is a Big One.]

Bho Pasraaw: [Spreading bho]:
आज हमार भोजपुरी गाव से निकल के जिला तक, जिला से निकल के प्रांतन तक, आ प्रांतन se निकल के अनेक शहरन आ सीटोंअन तक; आ फेरु बीसो डेशन तक जे 5 महादेशन में पसर के घर बना लेले बा, आपन तरह तरह के उपभाशI के रूप में.    
Aaj hamaar Bhojpui gaa`v se nikal ke jilla tak, jilla se nikal ke Praantan tak, Praantan se nikal ke Shahar aa SiTi tak, fer Ee`haa` se beeso desan tak je paa`c Mahaadesan me` ghar banaa le le baa; aapan tarah tarah ke Dialect ke roop me`.
[Today our Bhojpuri, starting from a village, has spread to districts, then from districts to Provinces, from Provinces it has spread into over 20 countries of 5 Continents in the form of different dialects.]

भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोगन के संख्या: [Number of Speakers of Bhojpuri Language]:
भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोगन के संख्या आज 20 करोड़ से ऊपर होगइल बा Sansaar me`..
Bhojpuri ke bole waalaa logan ke sa`khyaa aaj 20 se 25 karoR ho gail baa Sansaar me`.
[The number of speakers of Bhojpuri is over 200 M WW]

भारत में आज 7 - 8 प्रान्तन में भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोग बाड़न, जइसे बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झारखण्ड, छत्तीसगढ़, मध्य प्रदेश, दिल्ली, पछिम बंगाल Bhaarat ke 7 - 8 Prantan me` Bhojpuri bolewaalaa log baaRan.
[There are 7-8 Provinces in India where Bhojpuri is spoken: Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, JhaaRkhanD, ChattisgaR, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, WB.]




3. Bhojpuri ke उपभाषा Upbhaasaa 
[The Dialects of Bhojpuri]

3.1 Bhojpuri aaj एगो ग्लोबल भाषा ह ego Global Bhaasaa ha, ehee se ekar 11 go Up-bhaasaa baaRan sa. [Bhojpuri is an International Language, that’s why it has 11 Dialects]

3.2 Eh se Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Vyaakaran (Grammar) ke jab hamni ke baat karataani jaa, ta~ pahile ee jaane ke hoi ki kawanaa Up-bhaasaa ke Vyaakaran ke baat hotaa. Ehi se pahile ham Bhojpuri ke sab Up-bhaasaa ke naav neece likhataani: [That is why when we talk about ‘Bhojpuri Grammar’, we must specify which Dialect of Bhojpuri we are talking about.

3.3 Bhojpuri ke Lipi के लिपी [Script ofBhojpuri]:
Ego baat Lipio ke baa. Global Bhojpuri me` eehaa` javanaa Lipi (Script) ke prayog kail jaataa, okaraa likhe aa paD*e khaatir "Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" ke PaaTh-1 se 5 tak www.plus.google.com pa pad*e ke caahi`.

[We must talk here about the Script of Bhojpuri as well. The Script of Bhojpuri now, is 'Devanagari' which is that of Sanskrit, Marathi, Nepali etc also.
Earlier Bhojpuri was written in Kaithi and some other scripts which is now historical.
"Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" uses ‘Devanagari’ and ‘Roman’ Scripts; the latter is now one of the most popular scripts globally.

To use 'Roman Script' for writing 'Bhojpuri Language' and reading back the same  correctly: go to "Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" Lesson-1 to 5 at www.plus.google.com posts of 2013-13.





3.4  [Eleven Dialects of Bhojpuri Language are shown below]:
Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke 11 Upbhaashaa neece baa:

Bhojpuri ke Upbhaasaa: [Dialects of Bhojpuri]:
3.4.1 Daxini Maanak Bhojpuri, [Southern Standard Bhojpuri]:
Bhojpur, Rohtaas, Kaimur, Baxar (all 4 districts of Ara , Chapra, Ballia Triangle me`), Saaran, Siwaan, Gopaal Ganj (all 3 districts of Ara, Chapra, Ballia Triangle me`) in Bihaar, and Balliaa of UP (of Ara, Chapra, Ballia Triangle), and Eastern Ghaazipur in Uttar Pradesh, Palaamu, Raanchi in JhaarkhanD, Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) in ChattisgarD*a.
>>> Ehee Upabhaasaa ke "AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool" me` prayog holaa.  
> Eh me` 'baa' aa 'naa' ke khoob bolal jaalaa. [baa = is, are; naa = no, not are used friquently]
>> Pratyay –waa aa –iyaa ke khoob prayog holaa sangyaa ke baad, oh pa jo~r debe khaatir. [Endings –waa and -iyaa after a noun are used frequently for stressing on the noun.]   

3.4..2 Uttari Maanak Bhojpuri [Northern Standard Bhojpuri]:
Deoriaa, Gorakhpur, aa Basti: UP me`, Purabi Campaaran aa Pacchimi Campaaran Bihaar me`. [Deorea, Gorakhpur, and Basti in Uttar Pradesh, Champaran East and West in Bihar.]
>> Eh me` ‘baa’ ke badale 'baaTe' [for 'is', ‘are’] aa ‘naa’ ke badale 'ne' [for 'no'] ke khoob bolal jaalaa.

3.4.3 Pascimi Maanak Bhojpuri, [Western Standard Bhojpuri]:
Vaaraanasi, AazamgaD*a, Mirzaapur, Ghaazipur Uttar Pradesh me`.
[Varanasi, Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh.]

3.4.4 Naagpuriaa: [Nagpuria]:
Chotaanaagpur ke Palaamu Jilla je ab JhaarkhanD Praant me` baa, aur ChattisgaD*a ke Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) Jilla me` ekaraa ke bolal jaalaa.
(BaghelkhanDi ke roop me` ee Madhya pradesh me` bolal jaalaa, baakir ee log ekaraa ke Bhojpuri naa maane, eh se ekaraa ke ham eehaa` Bhojpuri me naikhi let.)

3.4..5 Nepaal me` Bhojpuri ke 4 roop, Upbhaazaa baa:
          [4 dialects of Bhojpuri in Nepal]:
Thaaru Bhojpuri, Madhesi, Domraa, Musahri
   
3.4.6 Maurisas me` Maurisian Bhojpuri [Mauritian in Mauritius]:

3.4.7    Fiji me` Fijian Bhojpuri [in Fiji 'Fijian Bhojpuri']:

3.4..8   'Kaireebian Bhojpuri' Guyanaa me` [Caribbean Hindustani in Guyana]

3.4..9 Surinaam me`: Surname [in Surinam: Surname]:

3.4.10 'Kaireebbian Trinidaadi Bhojpuri' Trinidaad aa Tobago me`: [in Trinidad & Tobago: Caribbean Trinidadi Bhojpuri]:

3.4.11 ‘AntarrazTreey Global Bhojpuri’ InBho 
InBho ke poore Sansaar me`, SiTi sab me` jawan Bhojpuri holaa, je me` dosar lokal bhasaa ke sabd aa kahaauto milal rahelaa, jaisan eehaa` likhal baa:
['International global Bhojpuri' InBho is used all over the World and in many Metros WW written in Roman or Devanadari script using many local words and phrases.]




4.  AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri के लिपी ke Lipi, (je se Sanskrito likhaa sakelaa) 
   [Scripts of “International Global Bhojpuri Language”, InBho]:
4.0 For InBho we can use: 
4.0.1 [‘Devanaagari Script’ which is also used to write Sanskrit, Hindi, MaraaThi, Nepaali and many other language. 
Each letter of ‘Devanaagari Script’ is called an ‘Axar’ in Sanskrit, Bhojpuri and most Indian languages which means ‘unchangeable’,  ‘unperishable’: Thus they represent ‘Deva’ or god and are named as ‘Devanaagari’. For more go to the book entitled “Knowledge Beyond nano pico Technology”, Author: Dr Deo Dutta Sharma.]
4.0.2 [‘Roman Script’: 
This is one of the most used scripts of the world now. However, this script has only 26 letters which are not sufficient to write any language. Thus “A matter which is written in Roman script, may not reproduce when it is read bach.
To avoid such situation, we are giving below 1:1 equivalence using combination of ‘Roman letters’ to avoid any ambiguity > This is no ‘pidgin’ etc.] 


Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, KanaR, Bangalaa, Hindi aadi Bhaarateeya bhaasaa aa Nepaali ke pahila axar ha~:

ॐ
00o…m, 0m aa  Eh Axar me` pooraa gyaan samaail baa. [This is a special letter impregnating the ‘Total’ Knowledge in it. Thus this is used to start any good matter.]

[0o…m or 0m as shown above is the first letter of all the Indian languages like Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Kannad, Hindi, Bengali etc.]

4.1  AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri के लिपी ke Lipi
Bhojpuri ke Swar: [Vowels of Bhojpuri]:
Devanaagari Roman   Pronounciation
अ 'a' =>  ‘a’ is pronounced as ‘u’ in but, fun, run,     
*N2
आ ‘aa’ =>  ‘aa’ is pronounced as ‘a’ in bar, far, car

इ   ‘i’ =>  ‘i’ is pronounced as 'i' in pin, tin, swim, him

ई  ‘ee’,  =>  ‘ee’ is pronounced as 'ee' in sleep, meet, sweet, or ‘ea’ 
in speak, eat, sea.

उ ‘u’ => ‘u’ is pronounced as 'u' in put, push, pull

ऊ ‘oo’, ‘uu’ =>  ‘oo’, ‘uu’ as ‘oo’ in boot, loot, foot.

ए  ‘e’ =>  ‘e’ in pen, hen, ten

ऐ  ‘ae’ =>  ‘a’ in fan, man, can

ओ  ‘o’ =>  ‘o’ in hole, phone, cone
ए     ऐ    ओ    औ   अं    अः
[e    ae /ai    o   au   an    : / ah]

औ  ‘au’ =>  ‘a’ in ball, call, hall

अं  ‘an’ or ` after letter. =>  ‘ung’ in sung, hung

अः a: pronounced as ‘ah’
':' after a letter => ':'  is pronounced 'ah' or ‘u’ in bun followed by long sound of exhalation of air.

Candra bindu as `after a letter => a very soft nasal sound.

~ after a letter => a long sound of the letter called Ploot in Sanskrit.
:
Bhojpuri ke Vyanjan: Consonants of Bhojpuri: 
[Consonents of Bhojpuri]:

क  ‘k’ => ‘k’ is pronounced as ‘c’ in car, cat, cup or 'k' in kite.

ख  ‘kh’ => ‘kh’ is pronounced as ‘k’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ग  ‘g’ =>  ‘g’ is pronounced as ‘g’ in gun, mug, god, goose.

ध  ‘gh’ =>  ‘gh’ is pronounced as ‘gh’ in ghost,

ङ  ‘ng’ =>  ‘ng’ is pronounced as ‘ng’ in sung, sung.


च  ‘c’ =>  ‘c’ is pronounced as ‘ch’ in chain, chop.

 छ  ‘ch’ =>  ‘ch’ is pronounced as in ‘ch’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ज  ‘j’ =>  ‘j’ is pronounced as ‘j’ in jug, jam, January.

झ  ‘Jh’ => ‘jh’ is pronounced as ‘zh’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ञ  ‘i`’ => ‘i`’ as in pin + a soft nasal sound as by ‘`’.

ट  ‘T’ =>  ‘T’  is pronounced as ‘t’  in but, pat, tap, ten.

ठ  ‘Th’ =>  ‘Th’ is pronounced as hard ‘t’ in ‘ten’ followed by long exhalation sound, or.as in Hindi ‘Thos’ meaning solid.

ड  ‘D’ =>  ‘D’ is pronounced as ‘d’ in dug, day, dog, dangerous 

‘Dh’ => ‘Dh’ is pronounced as ‘D’ followed by long exhalation  sound as in Hindi words ‘Dhol” = drum, in  'Dhakanaa' = Earthen cover for pitcher.

ण  ‘0I’ => ’0I’ is pronounced as ‘n’ in Brahmand in Sanskrit, meaning Universe, 
or 'n' in AnD = man's testicle Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Hindi, Marathi ...etc. 
*No equivalent letter is in Roman script. However, it can be pronounced as ‘n’ with twisting the tongue, twisted upwards and nearly touching the top part of mouth above the root of the tongue.

In Bhojpuri '0I' is often replaced as 'n'.


त  ‘t’ => ‘t’ is pronounced as very soft ‘t’,  better as “m of Russian”.

थ  ‘th’ =>  ‘th’ is pronounced as ‘th’ in thought, through           

द  ’d’ =>  ‘d’ is pronounced as ‘th’ in thus, the, there.

ध  ‘dh’ =>  ‘dh’ is pronounced as ‘d’ in thus followed by a long exhalation sound. A typical Sanskrit, Bhojpuri letter ‘dhaan’= paddy, or ‘dhan’ = property. in fact no    equivalent letter is in Roman Script.

न  ‘n’ =>  ‘n’ is pronounced as ‘n’ in  nun, run, fun, not.

प  ‘p’ =>  ‘p’ is pronounced as ‘p’ in pen, pot, pat.

फ  ‘f ’ => ‘f ’ is pronounced as ‘f ’ in fun, fat, ‘ph’ in telephone.

ब  ‘b’ => ‘b’ is pronounced as ‘b’ in but,  bun,  bat.
     
भ  ‘bh’ => ‘bh’ is pronounced as ‘b+h’ as a composite letter, or as ‘b’ followed by long exhalation sound. A typical Bhojpuri, Sanskrit letter used in Bhojpuri, Bharat, Bhagawan ... . 

म  ‘m’ => ‘m’ is pronounced as ‘m’ in man, motor, most.


य  ‘y’ =>  ‘y’ is pronounced as ‘y’ in yes, yet, yoke, 'u' in Universe.

र  ‘r’ => ‘r’ is pronounced as ‘r’ in run, rub, rat,

ल  ‘l’ => ‘l’ is pronounced as ‘l’ in land, lower, letter,
                       

व  ‘v’, ‘w’ => ‘v’. ‘w’ are pronounced as ‘w’ in water, wear, vase, vogue, sweet.

श  ‘sh’ => ‘sh’ is pronounced as ‘sh’ in should, shape, not normally used in Bhojpuri, in place 's' is used.
ष ‘sh’ => ‘x’ is pronounounced as  ‘x’ in “Xruschev” name of a Russian.

स  ’s’ => ‘s’ is pronounced as ‘s’ in sun, son, sugar.

ह  ‘h’ => ‘h’ is pronounced as ‘h’ in hut, hot, horse.

‘R’ => ‘R’ is pronounced as ‘R’ in popular Hindi word ‘laRka’ meaning ‘boy’. 'LaRaai' = fight. No Roman equivalent for this letter.

‘D*’ => ‘D*’ is pronounced as ‘D*’ in popular Bhojpuri and Hindi verbs like: ‘paD*na’= to read, paD*aai = study, caD*aai = rising-up; no equivalent Roman letter.

‘x’ or ‘ksh’ =>  ‘x’ is pronounced as ‘x’ in lux, flux.

‘gy’ or ‘jn’ =>  ‘gy’ is pronounced as ‘gy’ in popular Hindi word
‘Gyaan’ = knowledge, ‘Vigyan’ = science. 'Vijnan' - Science.

‘.’ => ‘poorna viraam’ => ‘.’ is used for ‘full stop’.

'~ ' after a letter => ~ is a long sound of the letter or Ploot sound as in Sanskrit.

4.2 Sanskrit के लिपी ke Lipi ‘Devanaagari’ with Nearest ‘Roman’ equivanent:-
Prathamam Devanaagari Axara Gyaanam: 
[Learning Devanagari Letters, firstly]:

4.2.1 SanskritBhaazaayaa: PrathamaAxara: (SaralikritSanskritam)
ॐ    0o...m   
Anen anyaani nimnalikhitaAxaraani sampaaditam: 
Pa0IDitaa: kathitawanta: Axaram avinaazi. 
Ataeva aagamyataam 
AxaraDhaame.

[ An ‘Axara’ never perish. The 1st letter of Sanskrit, 
in Devanagari Script = 
ॐ    0o...m   
from which all other letters are formed as shown below:]

4.2.2 Swaraa: 12 [Vowels 12 with nearest ‘Roman’ equivalance]
अ    आ    इ     ई    उ     ऊ      
[a     aa   i     ee     u     uu /oo ]
  
ए     ऐ    ओ    औ   अं    अः
[e    ae /ai    o   au   an    : / ah]

4.2.3. Vyanjanaa: 33 [Consonants 33]:
क   ख   ग    ...     ङ     > Ka varga [Ka group]
[Ka   kha   ga   gha     n` ] 
Spoken directly from vocal-cords.

च    छ    ज    झ    ञ   > Ca varga [Cha group]
[ca    Cha  ja    jha     n``]
Tongue touches tip of mouth cavity above front teeth.

ट     ठ    ड     ...     ण  > Ta varga [Ta group]
[ Ta   Tha   Da    Dha    0Ia ]
Tip of the tongue touches top of mouth Cavity over its base.
  
त      थ   द    ध    न  > ta varga [ta group]
[ ta    tha   da    dha   na ]
Toungue touches the junction of upper and lower teeth.

प     फ     ब    भ     म  > pa varga [pa group]
[ pa    fa    ba     bha   ma ]
Lips are opened after being closed.

य   र   ल     व    श    ष    स    ह  
[ ya  ra   la  va / wa   sha   za    sa   ha]

4.2.4 Vartani [consonants + vowel symbles]: use of special symbols called 'matraa' for vowels when combined with Consonant(s):
क   का  कि  की    कु   कू  के  कै   कं   कः  
[Ka  kaa  ki   kee   ku  koo  ke   kai   k’   ka: ]

4.2.5. Kecan Sanyuktaaxaraa: [ Some composite letters]:
क्ष   श्री   त्र   ट्र    क्र   सं   स्    म्   म     
xa   Shri  tra  Tra  kra    s`   s    m    ma

Uupar je likhal baa oh tarah se ham aasaani se Roman lipi me` Bhojpuri aa Sanskrito likh sakeni aa paD*a ke sahi sahi bolio sakeni.
e.g. Raam = Raam, 
Dashrath Putra > auru kuchuo naa.
[Raam = Son of Dashrath > nothing else.]

[Considering the above, Bhojpuri language can be very easily written in Roman script and after reading the same pronounced back correctly.
However when the son of Dashrath is written as 'Ram' as normally done in English, it may be read back as > 'Raam', 'Rama', 'Ramaa', 'Raama', 'Raamaa', 'Ram' .... 
*Ram = male sheep, Ramaa = name of a girl or lady, not ‘Raam’. 
**Raam = Raama: in Sanskrit is the son of King Dashrath.  ***Rama or Raamaa = nothing,  
>> what a confusion is created when 'Raam' in Bhojpuri or 'Raama:' in Sanskrit is written as 'Ram' in English. 
>> Recomendation: In English write ‘Raam’ as in Bhojpuri.
>>> This is mearly 1 example, there can be G examples.]









5. भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Vyaakaran:     [Bhojpuri Grammar]:
5.1 भोजपुरी शब्दावली Mini Bhojpuri Sabdaavali 
[ Mini Dictionary]

Sankhyaa ke Naav: [Name of the Numbers]:
0 = sonaa [zero]
1= Raam, ek  Pahilaa [one First]
2 = du dosar [two Second]
3 = teen teesar [three Third]
4 = caar cauth [four Fourth]
5 = paa`c paa`cam [five Fifth]
6 = chaw chaTh [six Sixth]
7 = saat saatam` [seven Seventh]
8 = aaTh aaTham [eight Eighth]
9 = naw nawam [nine Ninth]
10 = das dasam [ten Tenth]
11 = egaarah egaraham [eleven Eleventh]
12 = baarah baaraham` [twelve Twelfth]
13 = terah teraham [thirteen Thirteenth]
14 = caudah caudasam [fourteen Fourteenth]
15 = pandrah pandraham [fifteen Fifteenth]
16 = sorah soraham [sixteen Sixteenth]
17 = satrah satraham [seventeen,Seventeenth]
18 = aThaarah aThaaraham [eighteen Eighteenth]
19 = unais unaisam [ninteen Ninteenth]
20 = bees beesam [twenty Twentieth]
21= ekais ekaisam [twenty one Twenty first]
22 = baais baaisam [twenty two Twenty second]
.
.
.
29 = untees unteesam [twenty nine Twenty ninth]
30 = tees teesam [thirty Thirtieth]
39 = uncaalis, uncaalisam [thirty nine Thirty ninth]
40 = caalis caalisam [forty Fortieth]
49 = uncaas uncaasam [forty nine Forty ninth]
50 = pacas pacasam [fifty Fiftieth]
60 = saaTh saaTham [sisty Sitieth]
70 = sattar sattaram [seventy Seventieth]
80 = assi assiwam [eighty Eightieth]
90 = nabbe nabbewam [ninety Nintieth]
100 = saw sauwam [hundred Hundreth]

1000 = hajaar, Kilo K [thousand kilo]
1 00 000 = laakh [100 thousand]
10 00 000 =10 laakh, Mega M[million Mega]
1 00 00 000 = karoR [10 million]
1 00 00 00 000 = arab, Gega G [billion Gega]
1 00 00 00 00 000 = kharab [10 billion]
1 00 00 00 00 00 000 = Neel, Tera, T  [trillion, Tera]
10**15 Padma = 100 T  [100 trillion]
10**17 Shankha = 10000 T [10 K T]
10**19 Mahaasankh = MT [million-trillion]


Sab dinan ke Naav: [Name of Days]:

Etawaar, Ravivaar [Sunday]
Somaar [Monday]
Mangar, Ma`gar   [Tuesday]
Budh [Wednesday]
Biyafe [Thursday]
Shuk [Friday]
Saneecar [Saturday]

Mahinan ke Naav: [There are no 1:1 equivalance for months in English since Bhojpuri Sristyaabda, Sri: follows Lunar - Solar System instead of Solar]:
 Sri: 9116 ke Maheenaa: [Months of  2016]:
1. Cait [April] 2. Baisaakh [May]
3. JeTh [June] 4. AasaaD*a [July]
5. Saavan [August] 6. Bhaado [September]
7. Aasin [October] 8. Kaatik [November]
9. Agahan [December] 10. Pus [January]
11. Maagh [February] 12. Faagun [March]

Pashuan ke Naav: [Name of Animals]:
gaaya, gau = a cow, bail = an ox, Saa`D*a = a bull
bhai`s  = she bufalio, bhai`saa = he bufallo
ghoRaa = a horse, ghoRee =  mare, gadahaa = an ass.
gadahi = a female ass. baagh = a tigar, baaghin = a tigress
Singh = a lion, Singhni = a loiness, billi = a she cat,
bilaaRa = a he cat bakari = a she goat, bakaraa = a he goat
kukuri = a beech. kukur = a dog Siyaarin = a she jackle, Siyaar = a he jackle haathi = an elephant, hathini = a she elephant.


Ciraiyan ke Naav: [Name of Birds]:
mo~r, morni: > peacock, peahen
murgaa, murgi > cock, hen
Kabootar, kabootari > pegeon
kauaa > crow
koyal > coocku
sugaa, totaa > parrot
mainaa, maini > 
geedh > vulture
ceelha, > kite
bagulaa > crane
baaj > eagle
GaruRa > a bird on which Lord Vishnu rides.
battak > duck
Hans > goose



5.2 संज्ञा Sangyaa  [Noun]

Sangyaa ke roop: me` Badlaaw aawelaa neece ke calate:

> Bacan: 1 bacan aa > Bahu bacan holaa.
[Number: Singular and Plural]:

laikaa, laiki > laikaa log, laiki log [a boy, a girl > boys, girls]
ee`Taa > ee`Taa sab [ a brick > bricks]

> Ling: Shtriling, Puling aa Napunsak Ling.
[Gender: Masculine, familine, neuter]:

Puling [Masculine] Shtriling [Faminine] Napunsak ling [Neuter]
botoo [he goat:never killed] bakari [she goat] -
saa`D*a [bull, neber killed] gaaya, gau [cow] bael [ox]
ghoRaa [horse] ghoRee [mare] khaccaR [mole]
haathi [he elephant] hathini [she elephant]
baabhuji[father] maai [mother]
bhaai [brother] bahin [sister]
aadmi [man] mehraaru [wife, woman]
pitaa [father] maataa [mother]
cacaa [uncle] caaci [aunt]
fufaa fuaa [aunt]
paRosi paRosin [female-neighbor]
ciu`Taa [ant] ciu`Tee [small ant]
murugaa [cock] murugi [hen]
baagh [tiger] baaghin [she tiger]
dhobi [washer-men] dhobin [washer-woman]
shixak [teacher] shixikaa [teacheress]
Adhyax [Chair Person, President]
Adhyaxaa [ChairParson President lady]
panDit [Master of a Subject] PanDitaa, panDitaain [wife of a Pandit]
pustak [book] pustikaa [note, copy book]
... ...


> कारक Kaarak:  [Case]:
Sangyaa ke baad kaarak ke cinha aawelaa, je se ek dusar se sambandh aadi pataa calelaa. Sanskrit me` ee 'Bibhakti' 1,2,3, ... 9 holaa.

Bibhakti Kaarak Kaarak ke cinha [Preposition]
1. Kartaa ... [...]
2. Karm ..., ke [..., to]
3. Karan ..., se, saath [by, with]
4. Sampradaan khaatir, ke [for]
5. Aapaadaan se [from]
6. Sambandha ke [of]
7. Adhikaran me`, par, upar, neece ... [in, at, over, under ...]
8. Sambodhan are, ho, ji, ... [hallo!]

Ee sab cinha 'sangyaa' ke baad aawelaa; eh sab ... ke calate, jaisan ki uupar dekhaawal baa.
5.1 pa kuch 'Sangyaa' shabda del baa.



5.2.1 Bacan: 1 Bacan [Singular] Bahubacan [Plural]
1 Bacan [Singular] > Bahu Bacan: [Plural]:
Aadami: man > Aadmi log:  men
Aurat: woman > aurat log : women
Beti:  daughter > beti log: daughters
Laika: boy > laika log:  boys
Laiki: girls > laiki log:  girls
BeTa: son > beTa log: sons
kaar: car > kar sab:  cars
GaaRi: vehicle   > gaaRi sab: vehicles
des: country > des sab:  countries
Janaawar:  animal > janaawar sab: animals
Kitaab: book > kitaab sab: books
Skool:  school > skool sab: schools
Shabda: word > shabda sab: words

Niyam: [Rule]:
1. ‘Shabd’ ke 1=Bacan se bahubacan banaave khaatir: sajeev shabd ke baad ‘log’, aa bejaan shabd ke baad ‘sab’ joR del jaalaa. [To make Singular to Plural: 'log' is added after an animate, and 'sab' to inanimate words.]

2. Shabd ke baad ‘kaarak’ ke cinh hokhalaa pa ‘shabd’ ke baad ‘an’ joR del jaalaa jaise: [To make plural from singular word, ‘log’ is added after animates, and ‘sab’ is added after inanimate]:
1-bacan > Bahubacan
shabd ke > shabdan ke,
laikaa se > laikan se
laiki se > laikian se

ghar me` > ghar sab me`
kitaab khaatir > kitaab sab khaatir

3. [In case a ‘case sign’ is used after the word, ‘an’ or ‘ian’ is added after the word] eg.
Shabd ke > Shabdan ke (pl), [= of a word > of words]
Bail se > Bailan se, [= by an ox > by oxen]
laika khaatir > laikan kkaatir. [= for a boy > for boys]
Laiki se > laikian se [= from a girl > from girls]


5.2.2 Bhojpuri ke Sangya par Jor: [Method to Stress on a Noun]

Jor deve ke tarika: [Emphasis on a noun:]
:
(1) Jor deve khaatir,  puling / nirjeev sangya ke baad me` ‘-waa’ joRal jaala.  
[For giving stress on a noun: ‘-waa’ is added to it as aa ending after a masculine noun. Incase there is a case sign, '-we' is added inplace of '-waa']

Udaaharan: Example:

: ghar = a house > gharwaa,  gharwe me`
[eg.:ghar = a house, gharwaa= a particular house.
gharwe me` = in a particular house, in the house itself.]

: loTaa = a water-pot > lotawaa = a particular water-pot

: laRakaa = a boy > laRakwaa = the same boy]

: baagh = a tiger > baghawaa [ the same tigar.]


(2) Shtriling / ch~oT sabd ke baad jor debe khaatir sabd ke baad ‘iaa’ cahhe ‘–iyaa’  joRal jaala. [After a faminine / a small word ‘-iyaa’ is added for giving stress.]

Uda: Ex.
: laRaki > LaRakiaa [eg. :a girl > a particular girl]
: loTaki > loTakiaa [:a small pot > a particular pot.]
: gaaRi > gaRiaa [: a vehicle > a particular vehicles.]




5.3 Sarvanaam [Pronoun]:
Sarvanaam ta, kawano sangyaa ke badale aawe waalaa shabda ke kahal jaalaa.
Kawano bhaasaa ke pahcaan okar Sarvanaam aa Kriyaa se holaa.
Sarvanaam ke kuch Prakaar:

5.3.1 Vyaktivaacak sarvanaam: [Personal Pronoun]:

ham ham [I we]
tu`, rauaa. tu` log, rauaa log [you you]
uu,  uu log [he, she, it they]


5.3.2 Sambandh Soocak Sarvanaam: [Possessive Pronoun]:

hamaar, aapan [my our]
tahaar  [your your]
raaur  [your your]
okar unkar [his, her, its their]


5.3.3 Karm Soocak:

hamraa ke, hamni ke [me us]
tahraa ke, tahraa logan ke [to you, to you]
rauaa ke, rauaa logan ke, apane ke, apane sabhan ke  [to you, to you]
okaraa ke, unkaa ke [him, her, its to you]

Bhojpuri me` Sarbanaam ke 3, 4 star holaa, jab ki Angreji me` aisan kuchuo naa hokhe.
[In Bhojpuri there are 3 to 4 gradations of repect, but in English there is hardly any thing like this. Thus, in English friquent uses of please, kindly etc is needed to show ‘respect’.]





5.4 Kriyaa [Verb]
‘Kriya’ ta kawano bhaasaa ke pahcaan ha. 
[In English a senence must have at least 1 verb.
In Sanskrit all ‘root words’ are called ‘dhaatu’, the building blocks of words.]

Kriyaa ke alag alag ‘1 Bacan’ aa ‘Bahubacan’ holaa Bhojpuri me`.
Kaal ke, je samay bataawelaa uu moTaa mpTee 3 roop me` holaa:
1. Vartamaan. [Present] 2. Bhoot [Past] 3. Bhavisyat [Future] 
 5.4.1 Kriya > Kaal [Verb Tense]:
Kaal k, je samay bataawelaa uu moTaa mpTee 3 roop me` holaa. 
Kriyaa ke roop Bacan, Kaal aa Purus ke calate badlelaa.
1. Vartamaan. [Present] 2. Bhoot [Past] 3. Bhavisyat [Future] 
Uda. Exa.: Kriyaa: [Verb[:
1. Jaanaa : [to go]
Uu jaataa. Uu jaataari. Uu gail. Uu gaili. Uu jaihan.
[He goes. She goes. He went. She went. He / She will go.]

Uu jaa rahal baa. Uu jaat rahe. Uu jaate rahihan
[He is going. He was going. He will be going.]

2. Aanaa: [To come]
Uu aawataa. Uu aawataari. Uu aail. Uu aili. Uu aihan.
[He comes. She comes. He came. She came. He/ She will come.]

3. Khaanaa: [To take food, to eat]
Ham khaataani. Ham khaini. Ham khaaib.
[I eat. I ate. I shall eat.]
Hamani ke khaatani. Hamani ke khaini. Hamanike khaib.
[We eat. We ate. We shall eat.]

Auru kriya ke udaaharan: [More Verbs]:
baiThnaa. uThnaa. sonaa.   paD*naa, H`sanaa 
[ To sit. to get up.   to sleep to read. To laugh]

 denaa, lenaa, paanaa, kaatnaa, bonaa.
 [to give. To take. to get. To cut. to sow]




5.5 वाक्यखण्ड Vaakyakhand, कहाउत Kahaauat, Baat Ceet. [Phrases, Sayings, Conversation.]


(a)   Aayi`, [Welcome,]
Pranaam. [Good morning.]
Rauaa kaisan baani? [How are you, sir? How are you, madam?]
Ham Theek baani. [I’m fine. How are you?]

(b) Namaste, [ Good morning,]
Ka haal caal baa? [How are you?]
Sab Theeke baa. [Every thing is fine.]
Aayi` baiThi`.   [Please come and be seated.
Please sit down.]
  BaiTha~ [Sit down.]

(c) Aaj kaa kare ke baa? [What is to be done today?]

(d) Kaa baajaar caleke? [Should we go to the market?]

(e) Ha`. Jee [Yes.]

(f) Naa, abahee` naa. . [No. Not now]



5.6 वाक्य Vaakya Banaawe ke [Sentence making]:
Niyam: [Rules]: 
5.6.1 Vaakya ke pahilkaa axar Roman ke ‘kapital’ letter me` hoi. [The first letter of a sentence shall be in Capital.]

5.6.2 Vyakti Vaacak Sangya ke pahilkaa axar ‘kapital’ me` hoi. [The first letter of a proper noun shall be in Capital]

5.6.3 Kawano sirsak ke har shabd ke pahilaa axar ‘kapital’ me` hoi. [The first letter of the heading of each word shall be in Capital letter.]

5.6.4 Kaarak:     [Case: Linking words between nouns.]

5.6.4.1 Kartaa kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of a Subject: nil ]
Kichuo naa.
Misaal:
Raam jaa taare. (Raam ke baad kichuo naa.) [Ram goes. Nothing after Raam.]

5.6.4.2 Karma Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of Object: nil, to]
Kichuo naa, ‘ke’
Misaal: Raam aam khaa taaran. [Ram eats a mango.]
:Raam aam ke khaa taaran.

5.6.4.3 Karan Kaarak Ke cinh: [Sign of ‘mean’s or cause: by, with]
‘se’, ‘jarie’ [‘jarie’ = with]
Misaal: Sitaa kalam se likhataari. [Sitaa writes with a pen. > Note: Sitaa is written instead of ‘Sita’ to be more perfect.]

5.6.4.4 Sampradaan Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of Dative: ‘khaatir’, ‘ke’= for]

Misaal: Ee aam Raam khaatir baa. [This mango is for Raam.]

5.6.4.5 Aapaadaan Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of Separation: ‘se’= from]
: ‘se’
Misaal: Aasmaan se barkha barsata. [It rains from the sky.]

5.6.4.6 Sambandh Kaarak ke cinh: ‘ke’ [Sign of Relation: ‘ke’ = of]
Misaal:
Raam ke gaay. [The cow of Raam.]
Sitaa ke bakri. [The goat of Sitaa.]

5.6.4.7 Adhikaran Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of General Relation:]
 ‘me’,  ‘par’, uupar  [‘me`’= in, ‘par’ = at, on]
  Misaal:
Uu ghar par baaRe. [He is at the house]
Bakasaa me` faraak baa. [The frock is in the box.]






7.5 Kichu Vaakya Banaawal Jaav.
[Let us make some sentences.]

(1) Om, Raamogati, dehu sumati. [O..m, Ram is velocity itself; O Raam! please give (me/ us) wisdom.]

(2) Eeha`we se gyaan, vigyaan aa buddhi vikaas suru ho gail.
[Knowledge, science and wisdom starts developing from here itself.]

(3) Ham Bhojpuri paD*ataani. [I study Bhojpuri.]

(4) Bhojpuri baRaa saral baa. [Bhojpuri is very easy.]

(5) Bhojpuri sab Mahadesan me` kichu kichu bolal jaalaa.  [Bhojpuri is spoken in all   the continents little bit.]

(6) Bhikhaari Thaakur Bhojpuri ke Sekspear havan. [Bhikhari Thakur is the Shakespeare of Bhojpuri.]

(7) Sri Sivapujan Sahaay aa Shaaligraam Shuklaa Bhojpuri Vyakaran ke baRahan Pandit hawan.
[Mr. Shivapujan Sahaya and Mr. Shaligram Shukla are the great grammaticians of Bhojpuri.]


(8) Sri Shivapujan Sahaaya ke janam staan jila Ara ab Bhojpur, Bihar, Bhaarat ha.
[The birth place of Mr. Shivapujan Sahay is district Bhojpur, Bihar, India.]


(9) Sri Shaaligraam Shuklaa daxin Amerikaa ke Bhojpurike Pandit havan. [Mr. Shaligram Shukla comes from South America.and he is a Pandit of Bhojpuri.]

(10) KaroRo Bhojpuriaa log Sansaar bhar me` basal baaRan. [Millions of Bhojpuri speaking persons are spread all over the world.]




5.7 Anucched aa वाक्य के काल Vaakya ke Kaal. [Tense of a Paragraph and of the sentences.]
वाक्य के काल Vaakya ke Kaal, vaakya ke kriyaa ke kaal se pataa calelaa. Eke anucched me` alag alag vaakyan ke kaal alag ho sakell, anucched ke Vaakyan ke beec ke sambandh pa nirbhar karelaaa.

6. Bhojpuri Bhaasaa, Saahitya aa Sanskriti:
[Bhojpuri Language, Literature and Culture]:

6.1 'Bhojpuri Bhaasaa' Hindi ke 'boli' naa ha~, baluk okar fuaa / buaa ha~, Bhaasaa Shaashtra ke anusaar.
Bhojpuri bhaasaa aa Saahitya ke jaware log Bhojpuriyaa Sanskritio ke jaanelan.
[Bhojpuri is not a dialect of Hindi as some learned Indian Govt. officiala say, but it is a Generation higher.

According to the Linguistic Science, ‘Bhojpuri language’, is the aunt of Hindi and sister of Magahi, Awadhi, Bajjika, Maithili etc. Although Bhojpuri is born between Ara+Chhapra+Ballia, it has spread to Madhya Pradesh, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Western Bihar,North-West Jharkhand, North East Chhattisgarh ; and as Madhesi of Nepal.
While learning Bhojpuri language and literature, people also learn Bhojpuri culture.


The name Bhojpuri, itself suggests, when we say that Bhojpuri is born in ‘Ara Chhaparaa Ballia’ in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh but it is named after King Bhoj whose palace is situated in Bhojpur in present Madhya Pradesh state, who of course reigned in entire North India from assam to Gaandhaar, now in Afghanistan, that is why Bhojpuri inharits lot of Arabi-Faarsi words..]

Baakir Raajaa Bhoj ke baad Bhaarat ke ‘Kariyaa Yug’ suru ho gail, eh se Bhojpuri Sahitya ke baD*e ke subidha naa milal.

[However, after King Bhoj, ‘Black Era’ started in India due to which there was no conducive atmosphere for development of Bhojpuri Literaure.]

Tabahu`o Sant Kabir Das ji aur Prakriti Kavi Ghaagh ke Dher kavitaa aur choT choT kahaaut Bhojpuri Saahitya ke baD*aave me` baRaa haa`th baa. Misaal ke roop me` neeche kuch likhal jaataa:

[Still the poems of poet Kavir Das and poetical sayings of the famous nature poet Ghaagh have helped in the development of Bhojpuri Literature. As an example some thing is produced below:]

(a) Prakriti Kavi Ghaagh:
Prakriti Vigyan ke kavi Ghaagh ta~ aisan aisan Bhojpuri me` kavita kailan ki paD*a ke man khus ho jaalaa.
Misaal ke roop me` unkar Bhojpuri ke ii kavita dekhi` je bahut laaiTer mooD me kahal gail baa, bakir je oh samay ke sasur ji aur bahu raani ke khulal khulal lagaav dekhaawataa:

Sasurji apanaa laikaa ke le ke bahu raani se kaTaax ke roop me` kavitaa me` budbudailan, kaahe ki unkar betaa jab tab sasuraarie cal jaat rahas:

[The nature poet Ghaagh has created such poetical sayings that one becomes knowledgeable about scientific facts of climate and weather, but enjoys the same. As for example let us go through the following poem of Ghaagh in lighter mood showing the open relation between a father- in –law and a daughter-in-law]:



“Bina gavane sasurari jaaya,
Binaa Maagh ghiv khichaRi khaaya;
Bin barkhaa pehine khaRaua,
Ghaagh Kahe ee teeno kauaa.”

Ee sun ke Bahu Raanio cup rahe waali naa rahi aa haluk haluk bolali:

“Kaam pare sasuraari jaaya,
Man chaahe ghiv khichaRi khaye;
Jogi ban ke pahine khaRauaa,
Bahu kahe ki Ghaaghe Kaua”.

[Due to frequent visit of the son to his in-laws, the father-in-law utters the following poem so that the daughter-in-law may here the same:

“Who goes to in-laws before a ceremony,
Without winter takes butter rice+pulse,
Without rain who wears gumboot,
Ghaagh says the three are a Crow”.

Hearing this, how could the daughter-in-law keep quiet, she also uttered in light mood:

“On assignments, one can go to in-laws,
On desire, one can take butter rice+pulse,
On being a saint, one can wear a gumboot,
Daughter-in-law says, Ghaagh himself is crow”.]

Eehaa` kavi Ghaagh ke kahaaut se jah`waa ee pata calataa ki, ‘Ek susanskrit aadami ke kaa kare ke caahi`, ta~ dusari or iiho pataa calataa ki tab ke bahu logan ke caturaai kaisan rahe.

(b) Ghaagh ke Kahaut:

Ghaaghe kavi ke dosar vikhyaat Prakriti ke le ke ek kahaut neeche dekhi`:

“Na Maaghe jaaR, na Meghe jaaR;
Jab bahe bayaar, tab jaaRe jaaR”.

[A Saying of Ghagh:
Please look at the popular second Saying of the Nature poet Ghagh:
“Cold feeling is not due to
The season or rains,
It’s cold and colder,
Whenever wind blows”.

It means, cold is not felt due to the winter or due to the rains; whenever cold wind blows, it becomes sever cold.
This is scientifically true: that for feeling cold, simply low temperature is not essencial. Air is an insulator of heat, so it must blow so as to remove heat from the body of a person to feel cold.
Thus, ‘Thermal Science’ is fully used by the Nature Poet Ghagh of India.]




6.2 Bhojpuri ke Bhaarat me` Sthaan: [Status of Bhojpuri in India]:
6.2.1 Bhaarat me` aaj Sri: AassaaD*a 9116, yaani June 2016 CE tak Bhaarat Sarkaar ke o~r se kavano uchit sthaan naikhe milal, jabki ee Bhojpurie Samaaj ha~, je Bhaarat ke pahilaa Raastrapati: Da Rajendra Prasaad, Chapra, Bihaar se aa du du Pradhaan Mantrio: Sri Lal Bahaadur Shastri ji aa Sri Chandrashekhar ji duno Uttar Prasesh ke Bhojpuri Chetra se delas.
[To day till Sri: Assada 9116 or June 2016 EC, no desirable position is provided to Bhojpuri by the Government of India, where as it is the Bhojpuri Samaj which has produced the first President of India, Dr Rajendra Prasaad from Chapra and two Prime Ministers, namely: Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri and Shri Chandrashekhar ji from the Bhojpuri area of Uttar Pradesh, India.]


6.2.2 Bhopuri Bhaasaa ke bolanihaaran ke Nambar 1-laa aa 2sar: [Speakers of Bhojpuri Language 1st aa 2nd: Over 200 Million]:
Je Bhojpuri Bhasaa Sansaar ke 20 karoR se jaadaa log bolat hokas, je me` se adhikaans log Bharate me` rahelan, oh bhaasaa ke le ke Bhaarat Sarkaar ke o~r se maanyataa naa hokhe, ee baat Bhaarat Sarkaar khaatir baRaa dukh ke baat baa; aa eh se ee saaf pataa calataa ki ee Sarkaar ke logan se kavano matlab naikhe, siva logan se vot lewe ke
[Bhojpuri language is spoken by over 200 million people of the world, most of whom live in India, but it is pitiable for the Government of India not to provide recognition of this language, which shows the Government is hardly concerned about the people, except for the vote.]


6.2.3 Bhojpuri Kavi, Lekhak aa Bhojpuri ke Bhaarat Sarkaar se Maanyataa naa: [Bhojpuri Poets, Writers and Bhojpuri Language is not Recognized by Govt. of India]:
Sant Kavir aa Prakriti Kavi Ghaagh jaisan Bhojpuri ke Dher kavi aa lekhak log Bhaarat me` ciciaat rahelan, baakir kavano sarkaar Bhojapuri khatir aaj tak kuchhuo naa kailas. Eehaa` tak ki Bhaarat ke swatantrataa ke 69 baris baado Bhojapuri ke lekhakan aa kavian ke kawano eh des me` pooch aa mahaatam naikhe.
Aaj tak Bhojapuri ke janam sthaan Bhaarate me` Bhaarat Sarkaar eh bhaasaa ke maanyataa naikhe dele, ta~ auru subidhaa deve ke bisay me` ka kahal jaav.
[Many poets like Kavir and Ghaagh kept on wandering in India since ages, but so far none of the Government of India did  anything tangible for development of Bhojpuri. Even after 69 years of Independence, there is no importance of any poet or writer of Bhojpuri or the language itself.
Till today Bhojpuri language has not been recognized by the Government of India in its birth place itself, then what to talk about providing other facilitates for its growth; although in a number of foreign countries like neighboring country Nepal Bhojpuri is recognized in some form or the other.]

6.2.4 Bhaasaa Vigyaan kaa Kahataa?: [What does Linguistic Science Says?]:
Bhaasaa Vigyaan ke anusaar Bhojpuri Hindi ke buaa hokhalaa ke baado sarkaari log kahela ki Bhojpuri ta~ Hindi ke ek dialect yaani upbhaasaa ha~. Eh baat par taras aawata ki Bhaarat Sarkaar ke log iho naikhe jaanataran ki Bhaasaa Shaastra ke  anusaar Bhojpuri ta~ Hindi ke Buaa hai; ehise Hindi ke aage baD*aave me` Bhojpuria logan ke bahut haath baa, je me` pramukh baaran:

[What does Linguistic Science Says?
Although according to Linguistic Scientists Bhojpuri is at Higher Generation along with Awadhi, Magahi, Bengali etc. compared to Hindi, still Government of India considers it as a ‘Dialect of Hindi’. It is pitiable to say that the Government Officials are unaware of the fact that Bhojpuri is the Aunt of Hindi, then how can she be the dialect of Hindi; it can be vise versa.
Here it may be noteworthy that being at higher generation, many Bhojpuria people have helped in the development of Hindi, which would be clear from the following]:

(a) ‘Sant Kabir’ jekar ‘Nirgun Kavit’ Bhojpuri ke sab se puraan kavit manal jaa sakelaa, je aaj se karib 800 baris pahile bhail rahan. Bakir, Sant Kabir Hindio ke naami kavi havan.
[The ‘Nirgun Kavita’ of Saint Kabir written in Bhojpuri some 800 years ago, can be considered as one of the oldest available Bhojpuri poem. But Saint Kavir is well known Hindi poet as well.]

(b) ‘Raamdatta Shuklaa’ ke Devikasaar Charit, 1884 AD.
[Devisarcharit by ‘Ramdatta Shukla’, 1884 AD]

(c) ‘Raam Garib Chaube’ ke ‘Jangal me` Mangal’ aur ‘Naagari Bilaap’, Unaisavi Sataabdi ke.
[‘Jangal me Mangal’ and ‘Naagari Bilap’ of ‘Ram Garib Chaube’.]

(d) ‘MahaapanDit Raahul Sankrityaayan’ ke Bhojpuri lekhak, Hindi ke` ‘GhumakkaR Shaashtra’ jaisan kitaaban ke lekhak havan.
[‘Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan’, a Bhojpuri writer is a writer of well known book ‘Ghumakkad Shastra’.]

(e) Mahaabir Prasaad Dvivedi aur Munsi Premchand ji Bhojpuriaa rahan, baakir ee log Hindi ke pramukh lekhak havan.
[Mahavir Prasad Dvivedi and Munsi Premchand are Bhojpuriaa, but they are famous Hindi writers.]

(f) ‘Shivpujan Sahaaya’, ‘Bhojpuri Vyaakaran’ ke racayitaa havan, bakir uu Hindi ke vikhyaat lekhako havan.
[‘Shivpujan Sahaya’ is a Bhojpuria and the writer of ‘Bhojpuri Vyakaran’, but he is a famous Hindi writer.]

Aa Dher aisanke Bhojpuriaa log baaRan je Hindi ke baD*aave me` aapan sab jinagi bitaa delan. Ab auru katanaa din Hindi Bhojpuri ke cusat rahi?
Kaa ee sab jaanalaa ke baado ee kahal Theek baa ki Bhojpuri Hindi ke ek Bhag ha~? Chi Chi!!!

[According to Linguistic Science:
Although according to the Linguistic Scientists Bhojpuri is the ‘paternal aunt’ of Hindi. It is pitiable to find that the Government officials are not aware that Bhojpuri is the ‘Aunt of Hindi’ according to the Linguistic Science, but the Government officials say that Bhojpuri is a Dialect of Hindi.

On the other hand, being at higher Generation many Bhojpuri people have tried to develop Hindi, the main persons of whom are the following:

(a) The ‘Nirgun Poems’ of Saint Kabir Das can be considered as the original known Bhojpuri write up which was written about 800 years ago. But the Saint is considered as the famous Hindi Poet.

(b) Devikasaarcharit of ‘Ramdatta Shukla’, 1884 AD

(c) The writer of ‘Jangal Me Mangal’ and ‘Nagari Bilap’ Mr. Ram Garib Caube in Ninteenth Centuri.

(d) The famous writer from Bhojpuri area, Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, wrote ‘GhumakkaR Shashtra’ in Hindi.

(e) The famous Hindi writers Mahabir Prasad Dwivedi and Munsi Premchand come from Bhojpuri area and are Bhojpuriya.

(f) Shivpujan Sahaaya, the writer of ‘Bhojpuri Vyaakaran’ was a famous writer of Hindi.

There are many Bhojpuri people who spent their whole life for the development of Hindi.

How long Hindi should depend on Bhojpuri?

Knowing all these, can we say ‘Bhojpuri is a part of Hindi?


* In case Bhojpuri is a Part of Hindi with all its distinct words, distinct grammar, distinct ascents, why Sindhi, Panjaabi, Odiya, Bengali being at the same hierarchical level are not called dialects of Hindi?
After all there are Bengli-Hindi,
Panjabi-Hindi,
Madrasi-Hindi just like Bhojpuria-Hindi; and why all these languages shouldn’t be included as dialects of Hindi! These questions are posed primarily for Government of India.]  

6.3 Sansaar me` Bhojpuri ke Sthaan:
[Global Status of Bhojpuri]:

Aaj poore sansaar me` Bhojpuri 20 karoR se jaadaa log bolelan. Bhaarat se baahar kuch desan me` Bhojpuri ke kuch tarah se maanyataa baa; jaise Nepaal, Fizi aur Daxin Amerika ke kuch desan me`.

Ee hars ke baat baa.

Baakir Bhaarat me` Bhojpuri ke Maanyataa aaj tak naikhe bhail, je bahut jaruri baa kaahe ki Bhojpuri bole waalaa adhikans log Bhaarate me` baaRan aur Bhaarate me` Bhojpuri ke janamo bhail baa.


[Presently more than 200 million people speak Bhojpuri in the world.
Outside India, Bhojpuri is recognized in countries like Nepal, Fiji and some countries of South America.

This is praiseworthy.

However, Bhojpuri is not recognized in India itself, till today which is very important since majority of Bhojpuri speakers come from India, and India is the birth place of Bhojpuri.]



6.4 ‘Prachalit Bhojpuri’ Saahitya ke Vikaas: [Development of ‘Popular Bhojpuri Literature’]:

Ee Maanyataa baa ki kavano Bhaasaa ke vikaas okar Saahitya ke vikaas se dekhal jaalaa. Kaalaantar se Saahitya ke maane: lekh, kaThaa, upanyaas, naaTak, Kaavya, kavitaa, nibandh aadi se lel jaa laa.
Baakir upar likhal gail baa ki Dher kaaran se pahile Bhojpuri ke bikaas naa ho sakal.

[It is considered that the development of a language is due to the development of its literature. Since ages, literature is taken as: Nibandha, story, novel, drama, verse, poem etc.

But it is already written that due to many factors, the development of Bhojpuri could not take place in India.

Ee ta~ ‘Girmitiyaa Logan’ ke balihaari deveke caahi`; caahe Bhikaari Thaakur jaisan ‘Drishya-Sravya-Kavya’ ke Dhani ‘NauTankian’ ke prabhaava; ki Bhojpuri Bhaasaa Bhaarat aa Nepaal se baahar door deshan me` nikal gail auru Bhojpuriyaa logan ke Buddhi- vicaar, auru mehnat ke prabhaav kahi` ki aaj Sansaar me` 20 karoR se jaadaa log Bhojpuri bole waalaa ho gail baaRan;

Caahe ‘Gangaa Maiyaa Tohe Piari CaD*aibo’ naav ke Bhojpuri sinema jaisan ‘Drisya-Sravya-Kavya’ ke prabhaav je Bhaarat aur dosaro desan me` Bhojpuriyaa Samaaj’ me` Beesvi` Satabdi me` sansaar bhar me` tahalkaa macaa delas, aur batalaa delas ki Bhojpuri ke Laikan – Laikian me` ‘Drisya-Sravya-Kavya’ me` katanaa camatkaarik prabhaav baa, aur uu log kaa camatkaar naa ka~ sakelan! 
[This is the gift of ‘Girmitiya People’; or the result of Audio-Vidual Performances of ‘Nautanki’ of Bhikhari Thakur which caused the spreading of Bhojpuri in far away countries from India and Nepal and due to their hard labor, intelligence and wisdom; over 200 million people speak Bhojpuri in the world;
or it may be the result of the tremendous success of the maiden Bhojpuri picture named “Ganga Maiya Tohe Piari Chadaibo” in Twentieth Century which revolutionized the young boys and girls throughout the word. This picture also showed what the boys and girls could achieve using Audio-Visual Performances in Twentieth Century.]


Ita~ kahi` ki lok hit me` Bhaarat me` 1963 ke baad ‘Gangaa Maiya Tohe Piari CaD*aibo’ naav se ek sinemaa banal aur okaraa baad Bhojpuri sinemaa me` lokpriyataa ke calte baaD* aa gail. Aaj Bhojpuri ke ‘sinemaa ke sansaar’ me` aapan alage sthaan ho gail baa.
[In the interest of people in 1963 in India, the picture named ‘Ganga Maiya Tohe Piari Chadaibo’, which means, ‘Oh Mother Ganga we shall offer you yellow colored Dress’ was released in Bhojpuri first time after the success of which, the market got flooded with Bhojpuri Films.]  

Ehi film ke lokapriyataa se Bhaarat me` aaj anek praivet Bhojpuri Tee Vee Cainalo cal rahal baa, jekar lokapriyataa din dugunaa, raat caugunaa roop se baD*a rahal baa.
[Due to such success and popularity of Bhojpuri film, a number of private Bhojpuri TV Channels are now operating today in India and the film-industry as well as Bhojpuri Journalism-industry is growing leaps and bound, providing carrier to 100 thousands youths; and developing them in Art and Bhojpuri Culture as well as Audio-Vidual Literature full of songs and dances.]

Baakir hamanike ee kahe me` taniko sankoc naikhe ki Bhojpuri bhaasaa aa Saahitya ke durdasa ke khaas karan Bhaarat Sarkaar ke eh bhaasaa ke prati aaj Sri: AssaaDa 9116 Vikrami tak ke nakaaraatmak rawaiya baa.
[But the main cause of the impediment of Bhojpuri language and literature is the negative attitude of the Government of India till today, June 2016.]


Ee ta~ Girmitia Logan ke khoon-paseenaa, lagan, Bhojpuri Bhaasaa aur Sanskriti se prem kahi` jekaraa calte aaj Bhojpuri ke sab Mahadesan me` bikaas bhail; naa ta~ Bhaarat Sarkaar ta~ Hindi ke bikaas ke fer me` Bhojpuri ke cabaa cabaa ke muaiye debeke Thaan le le biaa, kabahu` ekaraa ke Hindi ke upbhaasaa kah ke, ta~ kabhu` ekaraa ke Hindi ke ek bhaag banaa ke.
[It is the hard labor, dedication and love for the Bhojpuri language and culture of the Immigrants and the vast bhojpuria people of India which resulted into the development of Bhojpuri in the world; otherwise for the sake of development of Hindi, Government of India could have ruined Bhojpuri for good.]

Naa ta~ ee kaise sambhava hoit ki Bhaarat ke pahilaa Raastrapati Da Rajendra Prassad, pichalaa Pradhaan Mantri Sri Lalbahaadur Shaastri, Pradhaan Mantri Sri Candrashekhar, Uppradhaan Mantri Sri Jagjeevan Raam, aa Bhaarat ke Speakar Smt Meeraa Kumaar jaisan logan ke maatri Bhaasaa Bhojpuri ke aisan durdasa hokhit, ki apne janam bhumi me` Bhojpuri ke Sarkaar me` kavano sthaan naikhe?
[Otherwise, how cought such pitiable situation is to faced by Bhojpuri that it is recognized in about half a dozen counties of the world, but not recognized in its birth place itself in India on flimsy grounds as described earlier although about 200 million people speak it in India, although it is the mother tongue of the first President of India Dr Rajendra Prasad, pichalaa Prime Ministers Sri Lalbahadur Shastri, Sri Candrashekhar, Dy PM Sri Jagjeevan Ram, aa Speakar Smt Meeraa Kumaar.]

Bhojpuri Bhaasaa, Saahitya auru Naatak ke vikaas me` ham garva se Sri Bhikhaari Thakur, Sri Raahul Saankrityayan, Sri Shivapujan Sahaaya aadi ke naav le sakile.
[We can say with proud that persons like Sri Bhikhari Thakur, Sri Rahul Sankrityayan, Sri Shivapujan Sahaya have made lot of contribution in the development of Bhojpuri language and literature.]

Ee saaf saaf kahal jaa sakelaa ki aaj Bhojpuri bhaasaa aur Saahitya jawanaa jagah par baa, okar poora sreya Bhojpuri bhaasi logan parbaa, Bhojpuri sinemaa par baa, Bhojpuri praivet Tee Vee Cainalan, geet gaawewaala log, naac karewaalaa log, sinemaa waalaa log, kalaakaar, profesnal logan aur Patrakaaran par baa; aur sab Bhojpuria logan par baa.
[It can be clearly said that today in the 1st quarter of 21st Century, whatever place Bhojpuri Language and Literature have achieved, it is all due to the lovers of Bhojpuri, Bhojpuri Cinema, Bhojpuri Private TV Channels, Media, Film makers, actors, singers, dancers  and all Speakers of Bhojpuri.]

‘Bhojpuri ke Sekspear, Shri Bhikhaari Thaakur Ji’ ke kirti aisanrahe ki unkar ‘NauTanki’ ke dekhe khaatir log das bees koso se dekhat dekhate jauriaa jaat rahan. Ee lekhak saubhaagyashaali baaRan je unkaa Sri Bhikhaari Thaakur ke Capara, Bihaar me ek Navtanki dekhe ke milal. Eh me uu Bhagwaan Raam ke 60 purukhan ke naav le le ke naac naac ke geet gawalan. Mahaa Kavi Kaalidas likhit ‘Raghuvans Mahakaavya’ aisan caraca naikhe.
[The Nautanki of Bhojpuri performed by the Shakespeare of Bhojpuri Sri Bhikhari Thakur used to be so popular that it used to attract people from 40 to 60 km. The writer had privileged to attend one of such program of Sri Bhikhari Thakur in Capra, Bihar where he was astonished to listen the names of the 60 forefathers of Lord Ram, since even in the ‘Radhubans Mahakavya’ written by Maha Kavi Kalidas, it was not available.]

‘Bhojpuri Kokilaa Shardaa Sinhaa’ aur ‘Sambhaavanaa Seth” jaisan lokgeet gaavewaali pramukh kalaakari baaRi log.
[The Bhojpuri singers and dancers like ‘Bhojpuri Kokila Sharda Sinha and Sambhavana Seth are very famous artists.]





7. Bhojpuri Saahitya ke Vishesataa: 
Ee एगो “दृश्य-श्रव्य-काव्य” ह.
      “Drishya-Shravya-Kaavya”,
   [Bhojpuri Literature is an: ‘Audio-Visual-Art’].

Bhojpuri, Ek Aadhunik Saahitya:
[Bhojpuri, a Modern Literature]:

Aaj hamni ke garv se kah sakataani ki, “Bhojpuri Saahitya sansaar ke ek unnat Saahitya me` se ha~ jekar ‘drisya-srabya-kaavya’ khoob unnat ho rahal baa”. Ee sab saikaRo Bhojpuri-sinemaa, emel par sambaad aadaan-pradaan, laakho` geet, sangeet, jo~k, vyang, ViDiO par naac-gaanaa ke roop me`, aur Tee Vee Cainalan ke roop me`, je me` ‘Mahua Cainal’, ‘Hamaar Tee Vee’, ‘Hamaar Bhojpuri’, ‘bhojpuri Sinemaa’, ‘dabang’ aadi ke naav le jaa sakela, aur je ‘MeDiaa’ aa ‘Patrakaaritaa’ ke jariye sansaar me` Bhojpuri Saahitya ke pracaar prasaar 24x7 ke roop kare me` laagal baaD*an.
[Today we can say with proud that ‘Bhojpuri Literature is one of the Modern Literature of the world whose Audio-Visual-Literature is fast developing. All these are possible due to hundreds of Bhojpuri cinemas, millions of Email and SMS communications, songs, music, jokes, criticisms, dances-songs on videos, and 24x7 TV Chanel like ‘Mahua TV’, ‘Hamar TV’, ‘Bhojpuri Cinema’, ‘dabang’ are also engaged as News Channels, Bhojpuri Media and in Journalism. 
A
“Antarrasteey global Bojpuri edainik”, “EDD: Earth Direct Democracy”, “InBho: Socio-political blog” in Bhojpuri: all these are busy in the development and spreading of Bhojpuri literature @ 24x7.]

Bhojpuri ke lokapriyataa ke calte aaj Daxin Bhaarat ke Dher sinemaa sab ke dhaR dhaRaa ke Bhojpuri me` Dab kail jaa rahal baa.
Ee sab “Aadhunik Bhojpuri Saahitya ke roope Ta~ ha~”.

[In view of the popularity of Bhojpuri Cinema and heavy demand, now a days many South Indian pictures are being dubbed in Bhojpuri and shown in TV Chanels.
All these are now “The different forms of Modern Bhojpuri Literature”.]

Bhojpuri ke aadhunik bhaasaa hokhe ke calte ‘tathaa kathit Saahitya’ ke naav pa ham okaraa ke 8vee`- 9vee` Sataabdi me` ta~ naa le jaa sakilaa.
[Since Bhojpuri is a modern language, we can’t take her to 8th and 9th Cenury in the name of ‘The so called Literature of the Old School’.]


Saahitya ke puraan jariya, jaise kitaab-kaagaj par pen se lekhan aadi ke aaj InTarneT ke jamaanaa me` kaa mahatva rah gail baa? Aur www, ‘sansaar bhar-ke-makaR jaal’ me` Bhojpuri kavano Saahitya se peeche naikhe.
[In the modern era of www, world-wide-web and internet, what is the importance of the old means of presentation of literature like writing books on paper with pen? And Bhojpuri is not behind any one in www.]

Lekin eh sab roop me` Bhojpuri ke vikaas me Bhaarat Sarkaar ke kavano yogdaan naikhe. Ee katanaa saram ke baat baa?
[But in all these methods of development of Bhojpuri, the role of the Government of India is hardly visible. What a shameful situation.]

Jadi Bhaarat Sarkaar ee sab jaanio ke abahi`yo ‘Bhojpuri’ ke Sambidhaan ke AaThvi` Suci me` naa saamil kari, ta~ Sarkaar khaatir baRa saram ke baat hoi.
[Even after knowing all these, in case Government of India do not include ‘Bhojpuri’ in the Eighth Shedule of the Constitution, then it will create a very shameful situation for the Government of India.]








7.1 Aadhunik Bhojpuri [Modern Bhojpuri]:

Aaj Bhojpuri khali gaawal-bajaawal, geet-weet, saas-bahu, caahe culha-caukaa bhar naikhe rah gail, Bhojpuri saahitya me` aaj bahut kaamkaaji log saamil ho gail baaRan; uu caahe kawano vyaapari hokhas, caahe shixak, Thikedaar hokhas caahe proffesar, caahe vaigyaaik hokhas caahe khetihar, caahe injiniar hokhas caahe Daaktar kulhi log Bhojpurie me` batiaawelan. Aur ee log Bhojpurie me` likhabo karelan; baakir email auru www pa.
[Now a days, Bhojpuri is not only for singers, musitians, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, kitchen oven work, but many professionals use Bhojpuri; who may be a business man or a teacher, a contractor or a professor, a scientist or a farmer, an engineer or a physician or surgeon. All talk in Bhojpuri, and write also in Bhojpuri but mostly in email or on www.]

Aaj ke Bhojpuri ke neece udaaharan del jaataa.
[Some examples of present Bhojpuri is vgiven below.]


7.2 Asali Janatantra: Suraaj
Lekhak: Da de da Sharmaa,
Raajnaitik Vishleshak
[Real Democracy: Suraaj
By : Dr DD Sharma,
A Political Analyst
For full English Verson of the Article one may Goto:
www.google.com/ google+]

Bahut log hamaraa se sahmat naa ho sakelan [ham akele naikhi`], baakir 21vee` Sataabdi ke pahilaa cauThans me` [caahe 1 972 949 100vaa` Sataabdi ke pahilaa cauThans me`: ‘Rig Ved’ ke anusaar] dharti pa saayade karib aadhaa darjan desan me` Janatantra hokhe!

Ee naa bhulaai` ki BrahmanD ke ‘IHLOK’ bhaag me` saayad hamni se jaadaa sivilaijD log hokhas, jadi hamni ke ‘ITARLOK’ ke bisay me` naa baat kari`.


7.3 Hamni ke Suraaj: [Our Janatantra]:

Asali Janatantra ke baat karataani jaa, Je Mahaatmaa Gaandhi ke sapanaa rahe,
Ek o~r, uu Demokraesi je Abraaham Linkon ke so`c rahe, aa dosar o~r, jekaraa ke Ulyanov, Lenin samajhalan.
Hamni ke uu Demokraisi ke baat naikhi` karat je dharti ke adhikaans desan me` "Baa` ta~, aa Raaj kara~" ke paarTi-poliTiks karelaa aa aapan ullu sidha karelaa;

Ham okaro baat naikhi` karat je me` 30% log, 70% pa Raaj karelaa, aur kahelaa ki bahumat ke Raaj baa;

Ekaraa ke bahumat ke Raaj kaise kahal jaa sakelaa?

Hamaraa shak baa ki rauaa log aisan karab!

Kaa rauaa aisan karab?

Kaa 30% ke bahumat Raaj rauaa ke aisan kare dee? So`ci`.
Ee ek Tho so`ce ke baat baa; dheyan se so`cal jaay.

Mahaatmaa Mohandaas Karamcand Gaandhi aisan so`calan, aa oh tarah se karahu` ke so`calan, afasos! Uu aisan kar sakitan!!

Abraaham Linkon so`calan, Kaarl Maarxo so`calan aa bahut kuch 13 desan me` karib 60 baris tak kaibo kailan jahaa` ee dekhal gail ki uu`haa` karib 95% se 98% log, 100% khus rahan.

Acraj!! Avishvasaneeya!!!

Lekin, dekhalaa pa biswaas karhi` ke paRelaa.
Je ham dekhani: oh par biswaas kaini.

Bhaarat ke kuch ‘Jansanghi’, tab ke ek ati-daxinpanthi paarTi, jekar aaj ke Awataar ha~ BJP, uu log je sapano me` so`c naa sakat rahan ki ee saa`c h ho sakelaa ki uu log je kitaaban me`, patrika aur akhabaaran me` paD*le rahan, unkar sab gyaan, paD*aai aur bisawaas, khaali ek haptaa ke Soviet Yunion dekhalaa par dhwast ho jaai.

Acaraj va bicitra!!

Ek aisan des dekh ke jahaa` 95% se 98% log, 100 % khus hokhas!

Uu log hamaraa se puchalan ki uu logan ke ee objarbhesan kahaa` tak sahi baa ‘Je uu dekhalan’? Eh Logan me` Bhaarat ke har kon ke log rahan, Kanyaa Kumaari se Kaasmir, aur Aasaam se Gujraat ke.

Ham kahani, “Eehaa` 95% se 98% log Satye bolelan, khaali Saa`c”.

Uu log ee kahe khatir chatpataa gailan ki:
Ee he sau Takaa ke baat baa, Da Sharmaa: Jahaa` 95% se 98 % log Satya bolelan, ta~ uuhaa` 95% se 98% log, 100% khuse hokhi.
Uu log ‘Satyameva Jayate’ jaanat rahan.
Uu`haa` Suraaj rahe. ‘Lincolnian Demokraisi’ = Janatantra  rahe.
‘Baa`T Baa`T ke raaj naa’.

Uu`haa` 25% se 30% log, baaki sab logan par Raaj naa karat rahan.
Bahumat, Alpmat ke Raaj naa,
PaarTi PoliTikso naa.
   
Bhaarat ke khaali “Graam Pancaayat Raaj” me` kavano PaarTi PoliTiks naa hokhe. Log aapan man se apanaa kainDiDeT ke cunelan, kavano PaarTi ke naa.

Mahatmaa Gaandhi aisanle Graam Pancayatan ke caahat rahan.

:Asali Janatantra: [Real Janatantra]:

Asali Janatantra me` aadami aadami me` farak naa kail jaay.
Naa ta~ kehu Raaja hokhas, naa kehu Raani.
Naa kehu Prajaa.

Janataa ke Cunal log, janataa ke caakar holan, Sarkaar naa.
Sab sarkaar ke naukar log, Janatantra me` janataa ke naukar holan.
Sarkaari ohda par kaam karewaalaa sab log, des aur janataa ke naukar holan.

Tathaakathit ‘PaarliaamenTari Demokraci’ joR-toR par aadhaarit hokhelaa: Netaa, Raajaa caahe Raani ke seva khaatir; naa ki janataa ke sevaa khaatir.
Eh me` ee sab joR-toR ke kaam holaa, Netaa ke.


7.3 Bhaarat Saran dataa + Prakritic se Secular:
[India is a Selter for All + Naturally Secular]

Aadi kaal se Bhaarat me` alag alag samaaj aur bicaar, alag alag jaati aur mat, alag alag deshan ke logan ke saath saath khusi khusi rahe waalaa desh ha~.
[Since ages India is considered as a Selter for different societies, people of divers thoughts, coming from different countries living together happily.]

Udaharan khaatir hamaraa saamne ‘Hindustaan Taaims’, Dilli ke 12.10.2013 ke akabaar rakhal baa, jekaraa anusaar sansaar se ab ‘Paarasi Samaaj’ saayad lupta ho sakela ‘Haarvaard Vishvavidyaalay’ ke ek sarve ke anusaar.  
[As for example in front of me there is a copy of ‘Hindustan Times’, New Delhi of 12.10.2013, according to which the ‘Parsi Society’ is moving towards extinction according to a survey of Harvard University.]

Chetra   [Area ] Paarsi log   Parsi Pratisat  %
Uttar Amerikaa 15500, 13.3
[North America]

Baaki Amerikaa 2500, 2.1
[Rest of America]

Yu Ke UK 5000. 4.3

Astreliaa +
Niu ZealaenD 3000, 2.4
[Australia &
New Zealand]

Iraan [Iran (Persia)]
(puraan Paaras) 19500, 16.7

Paakistaan 1766, 1.5
[Pakistan]

Bhaarat [India] 69601, 55.7 %

Kulhi [Total] 116867, 100 %

• Ab Jadi uupar ke % ke aadhaar par dekhal jaav, ta~ ee kahal jaa sakelaa ki kavan des katanaa Secular baa; khaas kar ke Iraan ke aas paas ke desan ke dekhal jaay tab.

Eehaa` Pakistaan ke haalat dayaneeya baa.

[On the basis of the percentage shown above, we may say that which country is how much Secular; particularly about Iran and its neighboring countries.

Here the status of Pakistan is pitiable.]  

• Aaj jadi ‘Paarsi Samaaj’ par dhyaan naa del jaai ta~,
ee Samaaj lupto ho sakelaa, jab ki ee log bahut milansaar, karmaTh aur audyogik hokhelan.

[In case timely attension is not given to ‘Parse Society’, they may soon become extinct; although they are very social, hard working and industrious.]


7.4 Bhojpuri Sambandhi Adhikans Bhaarat Sarkaar DaaTaa Bekaar aa Bhraamak:
[Most Indian Government Data about Bhojpuri is Unrealistic.]

Bhojpuri ke le ke adhikans DaaTaa, caahe uu Bhaarat Sarkaar ke hokhe, caahe dosar ke, ham sahi naa pawali`. Ekar ek khaas kaar0I neece del jaataa:

[Most data abaut Bhojpuri, whether they are from the Government of India, or from others, I didn’t found to be realistic. This is due to a particular factor given below:]

Ee`haa` ham ek udahara0I de taani jeh se ee samajh me` aa jaai ki adhikans Sarkaari DaaTaa kaahe sahi naa hokhe.
[Here is an example which shows how most of the Data related to Bhojpuri provided by the Government of India are far from being correct.]

Hamaar “Maatri bhaasaa Bhojpuri ha~”; baad me` ham Hindi, Sanskrit, Bajjikaa, English, Bengaali aadi bhaasaa ek ke baad ek sikhani.
[My “Mother tongue is Bhojpuri” later on, I learnt Hindi, Sanskrit, Bajjika, English, Bhojpuri etc. one after another.]

Ham caahat rahi` ki hamaar ‘Maatri bhaasaa Bhojpuri’ sab jagah likhal jaay, baakir ‘Sarkaari Faaram me` ta~ Bhojpuri bhaasaa ke kahi` naave naa rahe’; eh se sab jagah hamaar ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’ ‘Hindi’ likhaa gail.
[I wished that everywhere my ‘Mother tongue should be written as Bhojpuri’, but in the ‘Government formats’ there was no trace or choice to indicate ‘Bhojpuri’, due to this everywhere my ‘Mother tongue’ had to be recorded as Hindi.]

>>> Eehe haalat karoRo Bhojapuriaa logan ke Bhaarat me` baa, aur unkar ‘Maatri bhaasaa’ Deefault me` ‘Hindi’ ho jaalaa. Eh se karoRo log jekar ‘Maatri Bhaasaa Bhojpuri ha~, okar Maatri Bhaasaa Sarkaari kaagajan me` ‘Hindi’ likh del jaa laa’ aajo; je ek dam sahi naikhe.
>>> [Similar problem was and is being faced by millions of Bhojpuri people, and their ‘mother tongue’ is recorded in Government documents as ‘Hindi’, which are not at all correct.]

‘maikro sarve’:
Ham tab Agast 2013 me` ek ‘maikro sarve’ ee jaane khaatir kaini ki Bhojpuri jaane waalaa log katanaa baaRan.
[‘micro survey’:
Then in August 2013, a ‘micro survey’ was carried out just to find how many people know Bhojpuri.]

‘Eh ‘maikro sarve’ me` ham khaali uu logan se jekar Maatri Bhaasaa Bhojpuri ha~, unke se puchali` ki Sarkaari kaagajaatan me` unkar ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’ kaa likhal baa, ta~ pataa calal ki 112 logan me` se:

(a) khaali 2 aadmi ke ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’ ‘Bhojpuri’,
(b) 12 aadmi ke ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’, ‘Urdu’
(c) Baaki 98 logan ke ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’ ‘Hindi’
Rahe.
[In this ‘micro survey’ I contacted only those persons who knew Bhojpuri as First Language and asked, “What were their Mother tongue in the Government Documents”. Then I came to know that out of total 112 persons:
(a) only 2 persons’ Mother tongue was ‘Bhojpuri’.
(b) 12 persons had Mother tongue ‘Udhu’.
(c) The Mother tongue of the rest 98% persons was ‘Hindi’]

Uupar ke ‘maikro sarve’ ke risalt:
(a) Bhojpuri Bhaasi = 1.79 %
(b) Urdu Bhaasi = 10.71 %
(c) Hindi Bhaasi = 87.50%
[The result of the above ‘micro survey’:
(a) Bhojpuri speaking persons = 1.79 %
(b) Urdu = 10.71 %
(c) Hindi speaking persons = 87.50 % ]

Sahi rijalt:
Upar ke 112 aadmi me` se sab ke ‘Maatri Bhaasaa’ ‘Bhojpuri’ rahe, jabki 'Piti Bhaasaa' rahe 'Hindi; eh se saaf pataa calataa ki Bhojpuri bolewaalaa log 100 % hokhe ke caahi`.

[Correct Result:
The mother tongue of all the 112 persons were ‘Bhojpuri’; out side home , they used to speak Hindi, accordingly the number of Bhojpuri speaking persons should have been 100 %.]

Baakir ee Sarkaari sarve se pataa calal ki jaadaa se jaadaa 2 % log Bhojpuri bole waalaa baaRan.
[But this Govt  survey shows that the Bhojpuri speaking persons were hardly 2 %.]

Eh se ham kah sakataani ki Bhaarat Sakaar ke Bhojpuri khatir kawano DaaTaa ke kawno arath naikhe.
Ekar asal kaaran eehe baa ki Bhaarat Sarkaar aaj tak Bhojpuri ke Maanyataa naikhe dele. Ekar niraakaran Bhaarat Sarkaar ke jaldi se jaldi kare ke caahi`.
[Due to this it can be said that there is no meaning of any Government Data related to Bhojpuri.

The main cause of this is non-recognition of Bhojpuri by the Government of India. Ramadial action must be taken by Government of India without further loss of time]
Ee he ha~ Bhaarat ke adhikans DaaTaa ke roop!
[Such is the status of most Indian Data.]

Ekare calte Sarkaari dastaabejan ke anusaar Bhaarat me` Bhojpuri jaane waalaa logan ke sankhyaa karib 4 karoR batawal jaalaa, je ekdam sahi naikhe. Jadi kulhi Bhojpuri bole waalaa logan ke anumaan lagaawal jaay [Maatri Bhaasaa + dosar Bhojpuri jaane waalaa log], ta~ sahi me` ee sankhyaa 20 karoR se 25 karoR ho sakelaa, Bhaarat se baahar Bhojpuri bole waalaa logan ke le ke.
[Due to this, according to Government documents the number of people knowing Bhojpuri is about 40 million. However, the total number of persons speaking Bhojpuri in India [Mother tongue or First lanuage and Second language] is estimated as 200 million to 250 million including persons outside India.]

‘Taims auf Indiaa’ ke anusaar Bhojpuri bole waalaa log 20 karoR ho sakelaa, jaisan ki uupar likhal gail baa.
[According to ‘The Times of India’, the number of persons speaking Bhojpuri can be 200 million, something as stated above.]

Ta~ Bhaarat Sarkaar ke DaTa ke ka maane bhail?
[Now what is the meaning of the Data of the Government of India?]

Bhaarat Sarkaar ke Bhojpuri se Sauteli Maai jaisan Ristaa:
Bhojpuri ke Bharate me` sarkaar se maanyata naikhe, aur ekara ke Hindi ke ek bhaag maan lel gail baa. Ehi se Bhojpuri ke Sansaaro me` kavano sthaan naikhe. Ee sab ke jaR me` Bhaarat Sarkaar ke Bhojpuri khatir sautelaa byavhaar baa. Eh tarah se Bhaarat sarkaar Bhojpuri ke baD*aawe ke badle sapres karatiaa. Bhaarat Sarkaar ke jan hit me` aapan rawaiyaa badle ke caahi`.
[Step motherly Treatment of Government of India towards Bhojpuri:
In India Bhojpuri is not recognised by the Government and it is taken as a part of Hindi. Due to this itself, Bhojpuri has no place in the world also. The root cause of all these is the step motherly treatment of the Government of India towards Bhojpuri. Instead of trying to develop Bhojpuri, Government of India is supressing her. In the interest of people government of India must change her attitude.]



8.   Bhojpuri Geet गीत [Bhojpuri Songs]
8.1 Bhojpuri Geetan गीत ke Prakaar aa kuch Link:
www.BhojpuriSinger.com www.bhojpurigeetmala.com www.allbhojpuri.in www.bhojpurivid.blogspot.com 
8.1.1 Bhakti Geet: [Devotional Songs]
*1. Devi Aaraadhanaa Geet: “BaRaa neek laagataa, oD*aul ke fulwaa ...”

*2. Devi Geet: Kawaali Bol “Dar pa aail baani Sheraawaali ...”
*3. Devi Geet: Bol: “mahimaa Mahaan Sheraawaali ke ...”
*4. Ritesh Paandey: Bol; “Gangaa ke jal jaTaa me` sahi sahi jaataa ki naa ...”
*5. Indu Sonaali, Shyaam dehaati; Bol: “Anaar Kali devghar cali – Indu Sonaali ...”
8.1.2 Shaadi Biaah, Janewa ke Geet:
*1. Gaari: Priyambadaa Singh, Lokraag, Purabiyaataan:
Bol: “Samdhin ke sej pa ...”
*2. Kallua ke Biyaah Geet: Arvind Akelaa Kallu ji, Nishaa ji. Bol: “Gaai ke gobar a`ganaa lipaayo ...”, “Senurwaa dele ho ...”, “Bhaiyaa baaRe mo~r ku`aar sarawaa ...”
8.1.3 Prakriti Aadhaarit Geet;
*1. Lok geet: Bol: “piparaa ke patawaa sareekhe Dole manawaa, Jiyaraa me` hot hilo~r, re~   ...”
*2. Shailesh: Bol: “Jhiri jhiri bahataa Sitali bayariyaa ...”
www.royal-jatta.in 
*3.  Kajri: Bol: “Saiyaa mor gaaRee ke Ajenwaa...”
*4.  Kajri Saawan Geet: Bol: “Keniyaa se aaweli kaali re badariyaa ...”
www.waprox.com 
8.1.4 Saamaajik-raajneeti ke Geet.
*1. Keshari laal: Bol: “Lahu pukaare laa ...”

8.1.5 Filmi Geet:
8.1.6 Prem Geet: 
*1. LaaRo madhesiyaa Bol: “Milal balam 3.5 fut ke ...”,
*2. Raaju Baabaa: Bol: “Hamraa ke caahelu ki piyawaake ...”
*3. Raaj Kumaar R Paandey, Pradeep: Bol: “Dulhan caahee` Paakistaan se ...”
*4. Bol: “Eed se pahile caa`d ...” 
*5. Pawan Singh: Bol: “Jaan lebu kaa ho ...”
8.1.7 Lo~k Geet:
8.1.7.1 Sohar: Taaraa Baano Faijaabaadi:  Bol: “Jug jug jiye lalanwaa ...” 
BhojpuriSinger.com
8.1.8 Holi Geet;
*1. Pawan Singh; Bpl: “lahardaar Holi ... Piyale baaRe banaaras ke bhangiyaa ...”
*2. Bol; “Kaanhaa maanenaa sakhi khele ...”
*3. Bol: “laagi jab balamuaa ke mohar ...”
*4. Bol: “Piyalaa binaa piyaraa gail baa ...”

8.1.9. Bhojpuri dehaati Daans Draamaa:
*1. Asali dehaati Naac:  www.sabthaliSong.Org 

9.   Bhojpuri Film भोजपुरी फिल्म सिनेमा

10.   Bhojpuri ke Kuch Kriti भोजपुरी के कुछ कृति
  [Work on Bhojpuri]

11.  औरु बात Auru baat [Bottom-Line]





*N1:
*N2: [Observe: In Devanagari Script, the pronaunciation of a 'letter' is the same as 'its name' which is specific and unique, creating no ambiguity like the 'Roman Script' where 'a' stands for अ  'a', आ  ‘aa’ and many others. 
Henceforth for writing Bhojpuri (also for Sanskrit, Hindi etc.) we shall use specific and unique Roman 'letter' or 'combinations of letters' as given in this Paragraph.
In fact, for writing Bhojpuri in this book and in Bhojpuri and Sanskrit dailies, 'Mitram' and InBho are extensively using Roman Script as produced here.
>>> Such 'Practices' with miner modifications may also be used to replace the present International Tarascription methodology.]

-------------------------------------------------------


Oraai naa. [Non-ending]

 ______________________________________________________________
 Rauaa logan ke sujhaav aamantrit baa. [Your comments are welcome.]

"AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool" ke 'Uddes' khaatir Sri: 16.09.9115, 11.03.9116 ke PosT pa dekhee`.
[For the Aim of 'International Bhojpuri eSkool' go to the post dated: 30.07.2014, 16.12.2015 AD, 01.06.2016 AD.]

  ओरा गइल  Oraa gail. [The End]
________________________________________________________________
10.04.9116 Bhojpuri eSkool 30.06.2016

>> ग्लोबल भोजपुरी में Global Bhojpuri me`:

>> dinan ke naav: एतवार  सोमार  मंगर  बुध  बियफे  शुक  शनीचर
>> Maheenan ke naav:  चैत  बैशाख  जेठ  आसाढ़  सावन  भादो  आशिन  कातिक  अगहन  पुष  माघ   फागुन.

<br>

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